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In the aftermath of 9/11, many Arab and Muslim Americans came under intense scrutiny by federal and local authorities, as well as their own neighbors, on the chance that they might know, support, or actually be terrorists. As Louise Cainkar observes, even U.S.-born Arabs and Muslims were portrayed as outsiders, an image that was amplified in the months after the attacks. She argues that 9/11 did not create anti-Arab and anti-Muslim suspicion; rather, their socially constructed images and social and political exclusion long before these attacks created an environment in which misunderstanding and hostility could thrive and the government could defend its use of profiling. Combining analysis and ethnography, Homeland Insecurity provides an intimate view of what it means to be an Arab or a Muslim in a country set on edge by the worst terrorist attack in its history.
Focusing on the metropolitan Chicago area, Cainkar conducted more than a hundred research interviews and five in-depth oral histories. In this, the most comprehensive ethnographic study of the post-9/11 period for American Arabs and Muslims, native-born and immigrant Palestinians, Egyptians, Lebanese, Iraqis, Yemenis, Sudanese, Jordanians, and others speak candidly about their lives as well as their experiences with government, public mistrust, discrimination, and harassment after 9/11. The book reveals that Arab Muslims were more likely to be attacked in certain spatial contexts than others and that Muslim women wearing the hijab were more vulnerable to assault than men, as their head scarves were interpreted by some as a rejection of American culture. Even as the 9/11 Commission never found any evidence that members of Arab- or Muslim-American communities were involved in the attacks, respondents discuss their feelings of insecurity--a heightened sense of physical vulnerability and exclusion from the guarantees of citizenship afforded other Americans.
Yet the vast majority of those interviewed for Homeland Insecurity report feeling optimistic about the future of Arab and Muslim life in the United States. Most of the respondents talked about their increased interest in the teachings of Islam, whether to counter anti-Muslim slurs or to better educate themselves. Governmental and popular hostility proved to be a springboard for heightened social and civic engagement. Immigrant organizations, religious leaders, civil rights advocates, community organizers, and others defended Arabs and Muslims and built networks with their organizations. Local roundtables between Arab and Muslim leaders, law enforcement, and homeland security agencies developed better understanding of Arab and Muslim communities. These post-9/11 changes have given way to stronger ties and greater inclusion in American social and political life.
Will the United States extend its values of freedom and inclusion beyond the politics of "us" and "them" stirred up after 9/11? The answer is still not clear. Homeland Insecurity is keenly observed and adds Arab and Muslim American voices to this still-unfolding period in American history.
- Sales Rank: #2649823 in Books
- Brand: Brand: CUP Services
- Published on: 2009-07-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.10" h x 6.50" w x 9.32" l, 1.40 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 325 pages
Features
- Used Book in Good Condition
About the Author
LOUISE A. CAINKAR is assistant professor of sociology and social justice at Marquette University.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Required Reading for Informed Citizens
By Cynthia Serikaku
"Homeland Insecurity" is that rare book that combines flawless scholarship with riveting human interest. Far from being a dry academic tome, Dr. Cainkar's landmark study humanizes the Arab- and Muslim-American post-9/11 experience. Her interviews with members of Chicagoland's Arab/Muslim community, based on long-cultivated relationships, result in a compelling look into daily life in this community after September 11, 2001. Dr. Cainkar's incisive analysis, especially in the sections relating to racialization and gender, will have the reader nodding in agreement...and amazement. This book clearly sets the standard in the field.
7 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Homeland Insecurity
By Karyl Wade
This is a book everybody should read as it really tells the truth about Arabs and Muslims in America. I was closely involved in editing and transcribing interviews for the book and I know it is all done with love and devotion to our country. I am not an Arab or a Muslim myself but I feel that 99.9% of Muslim immigrants are patriotic citizens of the United States, as am I. I believe all Americans will realize that after reading this book.
Karyl Wade, Chicago
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very Important Study
By Kameel Nasr
Although Dr. Cainkar’s well-researched book was published some years ago, its findings are potently relevant today. Homeland Insecurity covers the period after 9/11, but really the author goes back decades to examine attitudes when Arab and Muslims began immigrating to the U.S. in large numbers. This immigration picked up remarkable after 1967. The nature of Arab immigration changed from largely Christian to largely Muslim. Cainkar’s study involved over 100 personal interview, making the work personal as well as academic. It was refreshing to read about a Palestinian American woman who started a law practice with a Jew.
Cainkar focuses on the Chicago area, which probably reflects the general attitudes of the country. One perplexing problem for both Arab and non-Arab is whether Arabs are white. Most non-Arabs believe they are not, which is not surprising, but many Arabs also believe they are not, even though they officially are. It can be argued that Pakistanis, who belong to the Indo-European group, are more white than those on the shores of the Mediterranean who belong to the Semitic group. Indeed, I have problems filling out a form when asked for race. I put white, but it doesn’t quite fit since white implies European to me.
Although the scope of this study does not pinpoint where negative attitudes about Muslims come from, I believe there is room for another study to probe this. Was there a conspiracy, a deliberate attempt to vilify Arabs or was it an organic process faced by all immigrant groups? Do news outlets and Hollywood mold a hatred for Arabs and Muslims? If so, is there anything different about this than about, for example, how Latinos are depicted? Perhaps it can be argued that the Patriot Act, discussed in this study, was a reaction to an already created prejudice rather than it creating that prejudice.
Cainkar delves extensively into the ways the U.S. government abuses Muslims and how the general public has treated Muslims after 9/11. Arab Muslims tell of the discrimination they have received, some living in a state of siege. While government harassment and public resentment against the hijab or head scarf remain, the study finds that hate crimes have decreased over the years after 9/11. The study also focuses on women since hijab is obvious while generally Muslim men are not. Women, furthermore, are usually assigned the role of the carriers of culture.
Recently some smaller studies have looked into attitudes against Muslims based on age. Generally, the younger generation are much more tolerant than the older. I believe this is due to Millennials personally knowing Muslims because they meet them in school and work.
I strongly recommend this book to anyone studying Arabs and Muslims in America or ethnic/racial prejudice in general.
Kameel Nasr, author of Arab and Israeli Terrorism
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